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Distance (Impedance) Relay Model for a Transmission Line

Approx. component budget: Rs. 5,000 - 9,000

Objective

Estimate the fault distance from measured impedance and trip according to Zone 1 and Zone 2 settings.

What you will build

A lumped-element model of a transmission line with a controllable fault point, voltage and current sensing, and a microcontroller that computes impedance and decides the trip zone.

Results you can expect

• Estimated vs actual fault distance for 6 fault positions
• Percentage error
• Trip time per zone
• And the effect of fault resistance on reach

What you will learn

Impedance measurement, protection zones, line parameters and reach errors.

Tools and notes

ESP32/Arduino, voltage and current sensors, resistor-inductor line model, relays, Excel. Use a low-voltage AC source from an isolation transformer only.

Resume points from this project

• Built and tested Distance (Impedance) Relay Model for a Transmission Line; objective: estimate the fault distance from measured impedance and trip according to Zone 1 and Zone 2 settings.
• Measured and analysed estimated vs actual fault distance for 6 fault positions and percentage error; wrote the report and presented the results in a viva. Add your own numbers: [x].

Replace [x] with your own measured results. Write only what you really did.

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