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Transformer Differential Protection Model with Inrush Restraint

Approx. component budget: Rs. 6,000 - 10,000

Objective

Build a differential relay and show how it separates internal faults, external faults and magnetising inrush.

What you will build

A small 1-phase transformer with two current transformers, a comparator and microcontroller logic that trips on an internal fault but not on a normal switch-on inrush current.

Results you can expect

• Trip or no-trip result for 3 cases (internal fault, through fault, inrush)
• Operating time in milliseconds
• Effect of CT mismatch
• And a harmonic-restraint comparison

What you will learn

Differential protection, CT matching, inrush behaviour and relay settings, the core of a protection engineer's work.

Tools and notes

Two CTs, Arduino/ESP32 with ADC, relay or SSR, variac. Fault tests use a low-voltage, current-limited model only. Work with supervision and an enclosed, fused set-up.

Resume points from this project

• Built and tested Transformer Differential Protection Model with Inrush Restraint; objective: build a differential relay and show how it separates internal faults, external faults and magnetising inrush.
• Measured and analysed trip or no-trip result for 3 cases (internal fault, through fault, inrush) and operating time in milliseconds; wrote the report and presented the results in a viva. Add your own numbers: [x].

Replace [x] with your own measured results. Write only what you really did.

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